Religion
in Japan:
Shinto and Buddhism
Shinto("the
Way of the Gods") is the name given Japan's native religion.
N. Alica Yamada, Chief of Staff in 1996 for the weekly online magazine
Trincoll Journal ("The Net's First Multimedia Magazine"), discusses Shinto:
The Way of the Gods in a nicely illustrated essay -- a good place
to start your own exploration. Another
more extensive description of Shinto history,
beliefs and practices can be found at a Canadian site dedicated to
increasing religious tolerance.
Matthew Johnson, working with material supplied by Yamada Masaharu, can
take you on a
visit to a typical Shinto shrine. Hideo Nihara, an eleventh grade
student at St. Mary's International School in Tokyo, has put together
a nice
web project discussing Shinto as part of his school's entry (entitled
"Living in
Tokyo Is ...") in International Schools CyberFair 96.
Evidently this interest
in cyberspace among Shinto institutions represents a vigorous new trend.
Helen Hardacre at Harvard University has pointed out that Shinto priests
are currently debating the validity of "cybervisits" to various
shrines maintaining web sites on the Internet as legitimate "religious
pilgrimages"; a number of the sites tied to this debate are listed
(and illustrated) at Cyber
Shrine, together with links to other shrine visit web sites (most,
however, available only in Japanese).
Visits to Shinto
shrine complexes are often commemorated through the collection of calligraphy-enhanced
vermillion stamps, illustrated examples of which can be seen at the Gods'
Sign web site.
For those interested in exploring further, a brief article by Carmen Blacker
(excerpted from remarks made at an international symposium on "Shinto
and Japanese Culture" held in England) discusses "Shinto
and the Sacred Dimension of Nature", and a guide to Basic
Terms of Shinto is provided by the Institute for Japanese Cultural
and Classics at Kokugakuin University.
Buddhism (which arrived
in Japan from neighboring China in the sixth century) also gains its share
of cyberspace. An extended and illustrated historical
overview provided by the Aizu
History Project is a good place to begin.
One
can tour Eheiji, one of
Japan's most important Zen temples, or inquire about the practice of Buddhist
meditation at Kyoto
Zen. Another option: wander through the temples
(and shrines) of Kamakura in the company of photographer Peter Miller.
Japan's most popular Buddhist sect, the Shin or "True" sect, invites a
visit to The White Path Temple
to learn more about their practices and beliefs.
Examples
of contemporary Buddhist religious
art and traditional
sculpture can be found at these two online commercial sites. The
Pure Land Mandala Study Group has examples of this form of religious
expression available as links from its site along with connections to
other Jodo ("Pure Land") sect web locations.
Jamie Marconi's
Images from Japan
provides a number of photographs of Buddhist temples and related sights
among his rich collection of digitized pictures.

Matthew Johnson's interests are not confined to Shinto;
he has amassed and annotated as well a wonderful scrapbook of shuin,
"temple stamps" acquired as momentos of visits to various Buddhist sacred
places. The Japanese watercolor artist Yujo has painted one
hundred images of Jizo
(often thought of as the protector of small children and travelers).
Both collections are well worth a "cybervisit".
Kokugakuin University also has an extended book-length collection
of scholarly articles on Buddhist "new
religions" emerging in Japan since the end of World War II in its
series on Contemporary Papers on Japanese Religion.
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